Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) Desalination: Energy consumption in plants, advanced low-energy technologies, and future developments for improving en
High-energy consumption is a critical issue associated with seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination, although the SWRO has been regarded as one of the most energy-efficient processes for seawater desalination. This means that SWRO involves a larger amount of fossil fuel and other energy…